How does the transformer transmit electric energy?
Writer： Hengfeng you electric Time：2023-04-13 views：times
We know that the transformer establishes the main magnetic flux to transfer energy, and whether the transformer is light-loaded, heavy-loaded or no-load, the main magnetic flux is the same, but the transfer energy is different. Is there another quantity in the process of transferring energy? The main magnetic flux does not reflect the magnitude of the transferred energy.
Transformer is a static electrical appliance that converts AC power at one voltage level into AC power at the same frequency and another voltage level through electromagnetic induction between coils. To be precise, it has the functions of voltage transformation, current transformation, impedance transformation and isolation circuit.
Its main components are an iron core and two windings on the iron core. There is only a magnetic coupling between the two windings and no electrical connection. An alternating voltage is applied to the primary winding to produce a variable magnetic flux that links the primary and secondary windings, and induced electromotive force e1 and e2 are generated in the two windings respectively.
As long as there is a change in the magnetic flux in the iron core, and the number of turns on the primary side and the secondary side of the transformer are different, the purpose of changing the voltage can be achieved.
The voltage generated on the primary side and the secondary side e1=-N1dφ/dt, the voltage generated on the secondary side e2=-N2dφ/dt
The operation of the transformer not only stabilizes the voltage and current of the transformer, but also a kind of energy transfer process. The energy delivered by the transformer is not only related to voltage, but also related to current and time. Ignore time here, which has nothing to do with the issue we are discussing. When the transformer changes the voltage, it will reduce the current, thereby reducing the energy consumption on the transmission line. Transformer transfer energy formula: W=I^2*R*t As I decreases, the energy consumed on the transmission line also decreases, which is the purpose of the invention of the transformer. Not to increase energy.
From the principle of electromagnetic induction, it is assumed that the resistance of the primary winding of the transformer is ignored, and the leakage impedance is ignored, that is, when the transformer is an ideal transformer (the so-called ideal transformer, its permeability is infinite, and there is no loss in the core), according to the circuit potential balance The law shows that the induced electromotive force generated by the primary winding e1=u1, and the induced electromotive force generated by the secondary winding e2=N2/N1*e1.
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